Pick your headphones in the calculator above and the three fields below fill themselves in. Every source is then judged on three things at once, not just power: whether it can drive your headphones, whether its output impedance is low enough to leave their frequency response alone, and whether its own noise floor will be audible as hiss.
That last pair is why the answer differs so much between a full-size headphone and an IEM. Full-size cans mostly need power. Sensitive IEMs almost never do — for them, a source that is quiet and low-impedance matters far more than a source that is strong, and plenty of powerful sources fail at exactly that.
Enter your headphone specs above to see matched amplifiers.
The four products above are one point on a curve. Here is the curve. These are the 70 of the 280 sources in this database that publish all three figures — a power rating at a stated load, an output impedance and a noise figure — ranked by how many of the 567 non-electrostatic models they suit on all three axes at once. That is the same test the tool above runs, computed in advance against the whole catalogue.
The 210 sources that are not here are not here because something is missing from their documentation, not because they failed anything. That is the single most important sentence beside this table, and it is why the count is 70 and not 280.
The median of the 70 suits 546 of the 567 models; the range runs from 567 down to 32. The cheapest product on the list is the JadeAudio JA11 at $20, which suits 545 of them. 54 of the 70 clear 500 models, and the cheapest of those is the same product. At the bottom, the Schiit Valhalla 3 costs $499 and suits 32 — a reminder that price and this number are only loosely related, because the three axes pull in different directions and a design can be built to win one of them.
| Source | Type | Price | Models it suits on all three | Output impedance | Noise |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Topping L30 II | desktop | $149 | 567 of 567 | 0.1 Ω | 0.3 µV |
| Topping A30 Pro | desktop | $249 | 567 of 567 | 0.1 Ω | 0.3 µV |
| Topping A90 | desktop | $499 | 567 of 567 | 0.1 Ω | 0.2 µV |
| Topping A90 Discrete | desktop | $599 | 567 of 567 | 0.1 Ω | 0.2 µV |
| SMSL HO100 | desktop | $160 | 566 of 567 | <0.1 Ω | 1.3 µV |
| SMSL HO200 | desktop | $399 | 566 of 567 | <0.1 Ω | 1 µV |
| RME ADI-2/4 Pro SE | desktop | $2499 | 566 of 567 | 0.1 Ω | 1.09 µV |
| Schiit Magni Unity | desktop | $119 | 565 of 567 | 0.1 Ω | 1.59 µV |
| Schiit Midgard | desktop | $219 | 565 of 567 | 0.1 Ω | 1.59 µV |
| iBasso DX260 MK2 | player | $949 | 565 of 567 | 0.6 Ω | 1 µV |
| Chord Hugo TT 2 | desktop | $5695 | 565 of 567 | 0.042 Ω | 1.7 µV |
| FiiO BTR13 | Bluetooth | $59 | 564 of 567 | 0.6 Ω | 1 µV |
| Soncoz SGA1 | desktop | $600 | 564 of 567 | 0.1 Ω | 1.8 µV |
| FiiO KA3 | dongle | $79 | 563 of 567 | 0.5 Ω | 1.7 µV |
| FiiO KA5 | dongle | $99 | 563 of 567 | 0.3 Ω | 1.6 µV |
| SMSL SP400 | desktop | $529 | 563 of 567 | <0.1 Ω | 1.9 µV |
| FiiO KA11 | dongle | $29 | 561 of 567 | 0.7 Ω | 1.7 µV |
| JDS Labs Atom Amp 2 | desktop | $129 | 561 of 567 | 0.7 Ω | 1.33 µV |
| iBasso DC03 Pro | dongle | $69 | 559 of 567 | 0.12 Ω | 0.9 µV |
| RME ADI-2 DAC FS | interface | $1399 | 559 of 567 | 0.1 Ω | 2.18 µV |
| RME ADI-2 Pro EX | interface | $2499 | 559 of 567 | 0.1 Ω | 2.18 µV |
| JDS Labs Atom+ (2nd gen) | desktop | $99 | 558 of 567 | 0.7 Ω | 1.99 µV |
| Benchmark HPA4 | desktop | $3499 | 557 of 567 | <0.1 Ω | 2.45 µV |
| Chord Hugo 2 | portable | $2595 | 556 of 567 | 0.025 Ω | 2.6 µV |
| FiiO KA15 | dongle | $109 | 553 of 567 | 0.8 Ω | 1.7 µV |
| JDS Labs Element III MK2 | desktop | $449 | 553 of 567 | 0.7 Ω | 2.51 µV |
| Chord Mojo 2 | portable | $650 | 553 of 567 | 0.06 Ω | 2.7 µV |
| Schiit Vali 3 | desktop | $149 | 550 of 567 | 0.5 Ω | 2.83 µV |
| FiiO JM21 | player | $199 | 550 of 567 | 1 Ω | 1.6 µV |
| Shanling H7 | portable | $829 | 550 of 567 | 1 Ω | 1.5 µV |
| Shanling M7 | player | $1249 | 550 of 567 | 1 Ω | 1.6 µV |
| FiiO M23 | player | $699 | 548 of 567 | 1 Ω | 1.9 µV |
| JDS Labs Element IV | desktop | $549 | 546 of 567 | 1 Ω | 2 µV |
| FiiO M21 | player | $599 | 546 of 567 | 1 Ω | 2 µV |
| FiiO K9 Pro | desktop | $799 | 546 of 567 | 1 Ω | 2 µV |
| JadeAudio JA11 | dongle | $20 | 545 of 567 | 0.5 Ω | 1.7 µV |
| FiiO BTR15 | Bluetooth | $109 | 545 of 567 | 1 Ω | 2 µV |
| FiiO KA17 | dongle | $149 | 545 of 567 | 1 Ω | 2 µV |
| FiiO BTR5 2021 | Bluetooth | $109 | 544 of 567 | 1 Ω | 2 µV |
| FiiO K19 | desktop | $1430 | 540 of 567 | 0.6 Ω | 3.5 µV |
| FiiO BTR17 | Bluetooth | $199 | 536 of 567 | 1 Ω | 3 µV |
| FiiO K7 | desktop | $199 | 534 of 567 | 1 Ω | 3.1 µV |
| FiiO Q15 | portable | $440 | 534 of 567 | 1 Ω | 3.1 µV |
| HiBy R8 II | player | $1999 | 531 of 567 | 1 Ω | 3.2 µV |
| Schiit Lyr 5 | desktop | $799 | 530 of 567 | 0.4 Ω | 3.99 µV |
| FiiO M27 | player | $1799 | 530 of 567 | 0.5 Ω | 3.9 µV |
| FiiO M17 | player | $1799 | 528 of 567 | 1 Ω | 3.5 µV |
| FiiO K11 | desktop | $143 | 516 of 567 | 1.2 Ω | 2.8 µV |
| Singxer SA-1 | desktop | $699 | 516 of 567 | 1.4 Ω | 0.3 µV |
| FiiO Q7 | portable | $750 | 516 of 567 | 1.2 Ω | 2.8 µV |
| FiiO BTR7 | Bluetooth | $199 | 515 of 567 | 1.2 Ω | 3 µV |
| FiiO M11S | player | $499 | 514 of 567 | 1.5 Ω | 1.8 µV |
| Grace Design m900 | desktop | $660 | 506 of 567 | 0.08 Ω | 5.01 µV |
| FiiO M15S | player | $799 | 501 of 567 | 1.4 Ω | 3.2 µV |
| FiiO K17 | desktop | $990 | 495 of 567 | 1 Ω | 5 µV |
| SPL Phonitor xe | desktop | $3000 | 492 of 567 | 0.18 Ω | 5.48 µV |
| Violectric V550 Pro | desktop | $3600 | 492 of 567 | 0.15 Ω | 5.48 µV |
| SPL Phonitor se | desktop | $1600 | 491 of 567 | 0.18 Ω | 5.48 µV |
| SPL Phonitor x | desktop | $3200 | 491 of 567 | 0.18 Ω | 5.48 µV |
| FiiO KA13 | dongle | $79 | 488 of 567 | 1.7 Ω | 2.5 µV |
| FiiO M33 R2R | player | $730 | 482 of 567 | 0.8 Ω | 5.5 µV |
| Violectric V222 | desktop | $1245 | 469 of 567 | 0.25 Ω | 6.15 µV |
| Violectric V226 | desktop | $1600 | 469 of 567 | 0.25 Ω | 6.15 µV |
| Lake People G103-S Mk II | desktop | $350 | 468 of 567 | 0.1 Ω | 6.15 µV |
| Lake People G111 Mk II | desktop | $629 | 451 of 567 | 0.125 Ω | 6.9 µV |
| FiiO K11 R2R | desktop | $176 | 427 of 567 | 1 Ω | 7.2 µV |
| Rupert Neve RNHP | desktop | $699 | 417 of 567 | 0.08 Ω | 8.03 µV |
| FiiO BTR11 | Bluetooth | $36 | 400 of 567 | 0.5 Ω | 8 µV |
| Schiit Mjolnir 3 | desktop | $1199 | 181 of 567 | 0.13 Ω | 25.18 µV |
| Schiit Valhalla 3 | desktop | $499 | 32 of 567 | 25 Ω | 6.32 µV |
A low number in the fourth column is not a bad product. A valve amplifier with a high output impedance is doing on purpose what the one-eighth rule penalises, and it was never meant for a 16 Ω in-ear; a desktop amplifier with an audible noise floor in in-ears may be flawless with the 300 Ω headphones it was designed around. What the column measures is breadth — how much of a catalogue of 567 very different headphones one product can cover — and breadth is not quality. It is also measured entirely on figures the makers chose to print, which is the only ground this site will stand on.
Every other tool in this hobby matches an amplifier to a headphone on power. Run that over this database and the answer is almost always yes, which is what makes it a useless question. The weakest source in this catalogue — the Steinberg UR22C — still reaches 100 dB on 512 of the 567 models here. The median source reaches 565 of them. The Apple USB-C dongle (US), which costs $9, clears 547 of them.
85 of the 280 sources here have enough power for every non-electrostatic model in the database, and the cheapest of them costs $99 (Schiit Magni Heresy). If power were the question, this page could be one sentence long and the answer would be “buy the hundred-dollar one”.
169 sources publish an output impedance. Apply the one-eighth rule to the headphones each of them can already power, and only 72 lose nothing at all. The rest lose some of the catalogue, and a few lose nearly all of it:
| Source | Output impedance | Models it powers but should not drive | Models in the database |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bottlehead Crack (OTL kit) | 120Ω | 565 | 567 |
| Audient iD48 | 50Ω | 560 | 567 |
| Audient ORIA | 50Ω | 560 | 567 |
| Audient iD44 MkII | 50Ω | 559 | 567 |
| Audient iD24 | 50Ω | 555 | 567 |
These are not bad products, and the numbers above are not a verdict on how they sound. The one-eighth rule is a threshold, not a cliff: a source with fifty ohms on the jack only satisfies it above 400Ω, which almost nothing in this database reaches, so the count runs high by construction. What the column does say is that these are not the jacks to plug a low-impedance multi-driver in-ear into, and that no amount of power changes that — which is the whole reason this axis exists separately from the power one.
83 sources publish an output noise figure. Of those, 5 are quiet enough to stay under 20 dB SPL in all 222 in-ears here. The quietest is the Singxer SA-1 at 0.3 µV; the highest published figure is Schiit Mjolnir 3 at 25.18 µV, which crosses the line in 204 of them. The hiss page works this out for any pair.
Ask for a source with power for the whole database, an output impedance low enough for every model in it, and a noise floor quiet enough for every in-ear, and this catalogue returns 4 products: the Topping L30 II at $149, the Topping A30 Pro at $249, the Topping A90 at $499, the Topping A90 Discrete at $599.
Read that carefully, because the obvious reading is wrong. It does not mean those 4 products are good and the other 276 are not. It means 4 products publish enough to prove it. The requirement is not excellence, it is three numbers on a page, and most makers do not print all three. That is the real finding here, and it is the same one the rest of this site keeps arriving at.
Every source in this matcher also has its own page, with power into four loads, noise, output impedance and a full headphone list. Browse all 280.